Fossil Fuel Activities

Building coal power plants, extraction infrastructure (large-scale outdoor mining facilities and industrial infrastructure) and pipelines (long-distance pipelines for liquids and gases, as well as local pipelines)

Draining and pumping services for coal extraction

Making geological observations at prospective sites. Taking physical samples of the earth to determine coal quality and seam thickness. Draining and pumping mines and overburden removal (clearing the dirt/rock above the coal seam) on a contract basis.

Process of transforming that coal into briquettes

Mining of hard coal (anthracite, bituminous). Operations such as cleaning, sizing, grading, and pulverizing to facilitate transport or improve quality. Recovering hard coal from culm banks (waste heaps).

Opencast (surface) mining of lignite. Washing, dehydrating, pulverizing, and briquetting to improve transportability and burning efficiency. Reclaiming lignite from culm banks or waste piles.

Includes: - Production of coke and semi-coke, pitch and pitch coke - Production of coke oven gas, crude coal and lignite tars, agglomeration of coke

Exploratory Drilling: Boring holes to locate coal seams. Core Sampling: Extracting cylinders of rock to analyze the carbon content, ash levels, and thickness of the coal. Test Hole Boring: Checking the stability of the "overburden" (the rock above the coal) to see if an underground or surface mine is safe to build.

Includes fossil-fuel-based generation operation of generation facilities that produce electric energy, including thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, gas turbine, diesel and renewable including coal combustion and generation from heavy fuel oil/diesel

Operating fossil-fuel boilers to produce steam, hot water, chilled water or cooled air

Production of gas through the carbonation of coal. The distribution of natural or synthetic gas to the consumer through a system of mains (local pipelines).

Building power plants fueled by natural gas. Building the facilities required to extract gas from the earth (drilling platforms, rigs)

Building oil refineries, oil-fired plants. construction of specialized industrial structures like offshore platforms or fixed mining facilities. construction of long-distance pipelines and local urban pipelines for liquids (oil) and gases.

Dewatering: Removing water from the geological formation to allow oil or gas to flow more freely. Well Maintenance: Pumping out "produced water" (brine that comes up with the oil) so it can be treated or reinjected. Sludge Removal: Pumping services to clean out storage tanks or wellheads.

Also includes directional drilling and redrilling; “spudding in”; derrick erection in situ, repairing and dismantling; cementing oil and gas well casings; pumping of wells; plugging and abandoning wells etc

Extraction of crude petroleum

Extraction of natural gas

Cooling natural gas to turn it into a liquid (LNG). Turning that liquid back into gas (usually for local use or pipeline injection at the source).

Includes manufacture of fertilizers: - straight or complex nitrogenous, phosphatic or potassic fertilizers - urea, crude natural phosphates and crude natural potassium salts manufacture of associated nitrogen products: - nitric and sulphonitric acids, ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, nitrites and nitrates of potassium This class also includes: - manufacture of potting soil with peat as main constituent - manufacture of potting soil mixtures of natural soil, sand, clays and minerals

Manufacture of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) refrigerants

Includes elemental gases - Liquid or compressed air - Refrigerant gases - Mixed industrial gases - Inert gases such as carbon dioxide - Isolating gases

Manufacture of oil-based lubricating oils or greases

Manufacture of petroleum briquettes

Includes polymers, including those of ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and acrylics. polyamides - phenolic and epoxide resins and polyurethanes - alkyd and polyester resins and polyethers - silicones - ion-exchangers based on polymers

Manufacture of products for the petrochemical industry and for road coverings

Includes manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms: - synthetic rubber - factice

Production of fuel gases such as ethane, propane, butane

Production of fuel: light, medium and heavy fuel oil (HFO)

Production of motor and jet fuel: gasoline/petrol, kerosene, diesel

Recovery of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) in the refining of petroleum

Exploratory Drilling: Boring test holes to confirm the presence of oil or gas reservoirs. Directional Drilling: Horizontal or angled boring to reach specific parts of a geological formation. Derrick Erection: Building the temporary towers (rigs) used for the boring process.